Symptoms: Also known as yellowing and atrophy. China's Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Tibet and other provinces and regions occur from time to time. The general incidence of 10% -20%, severe as high as 505. It usually occurs sporadically at the fields or at the ditch. The disease has different symptoms at different growth stages. The diseased seedlings are dwarfed at the seedling stage, and the leaves are light green or have slightly striped leaves. After turning green jointing season, the diseased leaf color became lighter, and the yellowish-white stripe pattern was present. The leaves became thicker and wrinkled and twisted. The diseased plants were dwarfed, and the headings or spikes could not be arched from the leaf sheaths of the flag leaf and bent into the deformed leading spikes. The 1000-grain weight of diseased strains at various levels fell by an average of 75.2%. Pathogen: Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.) Thrium., Shaw et Narasimhan var. triticina Wang & Zhang, J. Yunnan Agr. Also known as Phytophthora spp. The cyst stalks protrude from the host's epidermal stomata, often in pairs, with individual three, short, unbranched or few branches, terminal 3-4 shoots, and simple sac-sporangia. The bun is lemon or oval in shape, with a papillary protrusion at the top, colorless, and with a top wall thickness of 66.6–99.933.3–59.9 (μm), easily peeling off after ripening, leaving a shovel-like appendage at the base. The mycelium begins to grow and the cells in the cell tissue deform, forming pale yellow oospores. The initial structure was vague, and the mature oospores were clearly seen to be spherical to elliptical or polygonal, with a size of 43.5-89.143.3-88 (μm), and the oospore wall was tightly integrated with the ovipositor. 3 to 6 days after the onset of general symptoms, oospores can be detected. Most of the leaf parenchyma and stalk parenchyma were not found in the roots and seeds, but most were in the panicle glumes. Transmission route and onset conditions: The pathogens use oospore to overwinter or run over the summer in the soil. The oospore has germination ability in water for 5 years. Generally dormant after 5-6 months of germination, produce zoospore, in the presence of water or high humidity, buds invade from the bud, become a systemic infection. The oospore germination temperature was 19-20°C, the sporangium germination temperature was 16-23°C, and the suitable water temperature for zoospore germination was 18-23°C. After wheat sowing, the pre-emergence wheat field was flooded for more than 24 hours. In March of the following year, it was cold and cold. The low temperature favored the occurrence of the disease, and the low-lying fields and rice-wheat rotation field were susceptible to disease. Control methods: (1) In areas with heavy crop rotation or field crops, one or more crop rotations should be carried out with non-cereal crops. (2) Perfect irrigation and drainage system Water flooding is forbidden. After the rain, the water is drained in time to prevent moisture from staying. The diseased plants are found to be removed in time. (3) Each 50kg of wheat seed before sowing is sown with 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 100-150g (effective ingredient is 25-37.5g) and 3kg of water is added for seed dressing before drying. If necessary, spray 0.1% copper sulphate solution or 58% metalaxyl WP wettable powder 800-1000 times, 72% urea (weak urea manganese zinc) wettable powder 600-700 times, 69% safety. Manganese zinc WP can be 900-1000 times liquid, 72.2% Promefone (Pric) 800 times liquid.
Take the original herbs, remove impurities, wash water, Run through, cut thin slices, dry. Or use when crushed, Coptis should not over 14.0% of the standard moisture, the total ash content of not more than 5.0%, dilute alcohol extract not less than 15.0%. Berberine hydrochloride is not less than 5.5% berberine, berberine not less than 0.80%, berberine not less than 1.6%, palmatine not less than 1.5%.
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