1 Scientific land preparation and site preparation
Planting Astragalus should be suitable for loam or sandy loam soils with high topography, sunny reach, deep soil layer, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and low groundwater level. The end of the election will also require a good job in site preparation. In autumn, the land is deep-sloped and the depth of deep-dip is maintained between 25 and 30 cm to ensure that the soil on the ground is finely crushed and there is no large earth block. Combining land preparation with the basal fertilizer application work. Generally, 3000 kg of completely decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per 667 m2. Before the planting, the seedlings should be smashed to a height of 1.8m and the width of the sill should be 40cm. It is better to excavate the deeper drains around the plant to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation.
2 timely sowing
Summer sowing is generally around the beginning of May, and autumn sowing is generally around October. To select the seeds that are produced in the season, bright color, dryness, high activity and full health as seeds, and properly treat the seeds according to actual conditions. When the field is suitable for the locusts, in the flat surface, in accordance with the spacing of 25 to 27cm, open a seeding trench horizontally, the depth of the trench is 2 to 3cm, and the broadcast amplitude is 7 to 10cm. Stir the selected seeds and fine sand evenly. Sprinkle into the sowing ditch, cover the soil 1~1.5cm above, and cover a layer of straw at the top to play the role of insulation and preservation. Generally 0.75 to 1 kg per 667m2. For poor soil fertility should be appropriately increased sowing density, soil fertility can be appropriately broadcast.
3 do a good job in field management
3.1 Miao Dingmiao
Astragalus seedlings after sowing, when the seedlings grow to 4 ~ 5cm or so and time seedlings, will be close to the area of ​​small seedlings and weak seedlings all go, the seedling distance maintained at 3 ~ 4cm. When the seedling height grows to about 7~8cm, the seedlings shall be seeded in a timely manner. In the process of setting seedlings, it shall be carried out in accordance with the principle of leaving small and leaving large and weak and retaining strength to ensure the number of seedlings in the field. When the seedlings are set, the seedlings in the off-ridge area should be promptly filled to ensure the whole seedlings in the field.
3.2 Weeding and weeding
Astragalus membranaceus is used for cultivating and weeding between 2 and 3 times in the whole growth period of the planting period. The first cultivator should be superficial, because the newly born Astragalus seedlings grow slowly and the root system is weak, so as to avoid the damage to the root system of Astragalus membranaceus due to deep cultivator, and to affect the growth of seedlings. The following several times before the yellow ridge ridge, with the growth of plants and roots can be carried out in deep cultivator weeding. Before and after the emergence of Scutellaria baicalensis, we must ensure that the field soil is moist, which is the key to ensure the emergence of the whole seedlings and strong seedlings. When the roots of the seedlings deeply penetrated into the soil of 10 cm, they had a certain ability to resist drought and they could not use irrigation. After the second and third years of colonization, the roots of Astragalus membranaceus are deeply rooted, the leaves are luxuriant, and they have a certain ability to resist drought. Under normal circumstances, no irrigation is needed. Huanghua is resistant to drought and drought. After entering the rainy season, it is necessary to do field drainage work. Excessive rainfall in the field or water accumulation in the ditch can easily cause rot.
3.3 Do a good job of fertilizing
After the first year of fixed seedlings and supplementary seedlings, the top dressing is performed in combination with cultivator and weeding for the first time in June and October. The second and third years can be combined after the first cultivating and weeding and the top dressing in the second and third years. In June and October, topdressing was performed once. In general, 10kg of DAP, 25kg of superphosphate, and 5kg of K fertilizer are applied to every 667m2. Fertilizer is applied to the ditch and ridge, and the fertilizer is then covered with a cultivating cover. Or 2000 kg of human urine per 667m2 will be applied in the top 2 dressings. In October, 15kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 25kg of superphosphate, and 5kg of potassium fertilizer were applied deep into the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis every 667m2, and the soil was cultivated in time after topdressing to ensure the safe wintering of Scutellaria baicalensis. In addition to the top-dressing, top-dressing outside the roots has a significant role in ensuring high yields and stable yields of Astragalus. Can choose to use 2% of superphosphate solution for foliar fertilizer, use 50 ~ 70g/m2, before and after flowering of astragalus flowering 1 times each, spraying in the windy evening is appropriate.
3.4 Do a good job in pest control
The major pests and diseases of Astragalus are aphids, leaf blight, and root rot. Based on the prevention and control of agriculture, these pests must be scientifically selected for drug treatment. Aphids can be selected from 50% Pipa Micropowder WP 2000x or 20% Pendimethalin 1500x, 50% Bulk Loeper 1000-1500x, 50% Phoxim Emulsion 2000x, 80% Dichlorvos 1000 times liquid prevention and treatment. Jaundice leaf blight can be used at the beginning of the disease with 50% carbendazim WP, 1000 times 1:1:120 Bordeaux spray, spray once every 7 ~ 10d, 2 or 3 times in a row. Astragalus root rot can be selected by spraying 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times at the beginning of the disease, spraying once every 7-10 days for 2 to 3 times, or spraying 80% of Guanlong-21 WP. 1500 times the liquid, or 50% thiophanate 1000 times watering diseased plants, the control effect is significant.
4 Benefit Analysis
Astragalus can be planted all year round. It can be seeded and transplanted. It has a strong adaptability, a growth period of 1 to 5 years, and can be dug at any time in the middle. The longer the growth period, the higher the yield, the better the quality, and the higher the price. If the seedlings are harvested in the third year of growth, the yield can reach 15kg/667m2. The average yield of dryland 3a is 600-700kg/667m2, and that of 5a is 900kg/667m2. The current market price is 180-200 yuan/kg. Fresh and dry goods can be sold, and income from seeds is even more profitable.
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