Summer sowing broccoli cultivation

Broccoli is also known as broccoli and broccoli. It is a famous vegetable introduced from abroad in recent years. It uses fattened and shortened stems and buds as edible parts. Its nutritional value is twice as high as that of white cauliflower and its texture is crisp. Flavor fragrance. Broccoli is suitable for growing in cool and cool climates. The coastal areas of the province can only be cultivated in autumn and winter. In recent years, the county has made full use of the advantages of high altitude in the mountains, low summer temperatures, and large temperature difference between day and night to carry out summer sowing and off-season cultivation in high-altitude townships (950 to 1200m) in Chishui and Guiyang. In general, 10,000 to 12,000 kg of products can be harvested per hm2, and are exported to countries such as Japan. The economic benefits are relatively high, and their short growth period (60 to 70 days after transplanting is completed) is conducive to the development of multi-cultivation cultivation. According to the demonstration and promotion experience of our county in recent years, introduce the cultivation and management techniques of broccoli in summer. First, select good seeds, timely growth of broccoli, the appropriate temperature for growth between 16 ~ 22 °C, during the vegetative growth wide temperature range (5 ~ 35 °C can grow), flowering and budding period is generally required daily average temperature below 25 °C If the flower buds are exposed to high temperatures (above 30°C), they will cause excessive seizures, low yields and poor quality bulbs. Therefore, the selection of disease-resistant and heat-resistant varieties and scientific scheduling of planting time is the key to success or failure of summer sowing. My county generally chooses Japan, such as Goldman Sachs, Pakistan Green, Pearl Green and other precocious, heat-resistant fine varieties, transplanting to harvest in the 55 to 65 days; 1000 ~ 1200m above sea level in the area from late June to mid-July , 800 ~ 1000m above sea level in the area from mid-July to early August sowing, in order to facilitate the collection and sales, it is best to staged sowing, 5 to 7 days broadcast a period. The harvest will be completed from late September to mid-November, and efforts will be made to harvest before the large number of coastal products are listed. This will help increase product prices and create better economic benefits. Second, nurturing strong seedlings, suitable for transplanting summer cultivation of broccoli, in the high temperature and rainy season, nurturing strong seedlings is the key. We chose nutritious bags or nutritious soils for raising seedlings. The nutrition bag (or soil group) is calculated at 3,300-3,500 667m2 per field, and its formula is 600-700kg for fertile paddy soil, 30-40kg for husk ash, and 80-100kg for rotting beef cattle. Compound fertilizer (preferably N:P:K=21:6:13 for compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate) 0.5 to 1kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 3kg, lime powder 2kg, and 15% xymetramide 450 times (or The soil was disinfected with pentachloronitrobenzene, and the mixture was sealed and accumulated for 10 days with plastic film. Before sowing, use 8cm10cm seedling bags to fill in the nutrient soil (or print it into a nutrient soil), then sow 1 seed per 1 soil bag (or soil), cover it with sifted fire and soil, and set up a greenhouse. Cover with a shade net with a 65% shade. Seedling stage to strengthen fertilizer management, seedling age 25 to 30 days (4 leaves 1 heart ~ 5 leaves 1 heart) for transplanting. Third, the selection of deep plowing, Shizu base fertilizer According to the growth characteristics of broccoli and its requirements for environmental conditions, planting land to choose more than 800m above sea level, deep soil layer, high organic matter content, good irrigation and drainage conditions, water retention and fertility, sand For paddy soil with moderate viscosity, avoid using fields that are used to grow cabbage. Southern mountainous soils are mostly acidic. About 1 month before planting, lime powder (1500-2000kg) should be applied per hm2, combined with deep-turning whitening, and deep plowing thickness should be between 30-35cm. Basal fertilizer is applied to the whole layer 10 to 15 days before transplanting. Each hm2 of fermented pig cows contains 15,000 to 25,000 kg of fecal matter, 2000 to 3000 kg of plant ash, or 500 to 600 kg of ternary compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate. 200~300kg. Broccoli has a large demand for trace elements. Therefore, regardless of whether fertilizer or organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 30 kg of borax should be applied to each hm2 to meet its growth and development needs. Fourth, the cultivation of sorghum, reasonable close planting of broccoli is a kind of warm and light and afraid of hot, hi wet and fear of impregnated crops. In order to increase the utilization of light energy, increase soil permeability, and improve the microclimate in the field, it is necessary to emphasize the cultivation of sorghum and the rational close planting. In particular, the annual rainfall in the southern mountainous areas is 1800-2000mm, and it is more special to adopt deep sorghum cultivation. Generally, the width of the ditch is 1.1 to 1.2m, the height of the clam is 25 to 30cm, and the ditch around the ditch and the waist of the farmland are required to be 50 to 60cm deep, so that the ditch can communicate with each other and be easy to fill and drain. Goldman Sachs, Pakistan Green, Pearl Green, etc. are early varieties of broccoli, is conducive to dense planting, general spacing 50 ~ 60cm, spacing 35 ~ 40cm, planting 2800 ~ 3200 per 667m2. Use nutrient bag seedlings to carefully tear off the nutrition bag when transplanting, using shallow point transplanting method, hole depth 5 ~ 8cm, species too deep, the stem base is poor ventilation, easily induced blight. Fifth, to strengthen the management of the field 1. Appropriate top-dressing broccoli generally have 4 top dressings. After the transplanting survives, “fertilizer” is applied, and 10% to 15% of dilute human feces and urine can be applied; the second and third times are carried out 15 to 18 days and 25 to 28 days after transplanting respectively, and urea is used per hm2. 75 ~ 90kg, potassium chloride 60kg; the fourth time in the 37 ~ 40 days after transplanting, this time has entered the rosette period, is about to bud, is the need for large water and big fertilizer period, it is timely to re-apply bud fertilizer, to promote rapid buds For growth, 300-350kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be used per hm2, and acupuncture points can be applied at depths of 15-20cm from the base of the stem. (The inconveniently used infusion facilities have been sealed off), and the soil is covered in a timely manner after application, and the soil is moistened by irrigation to make the fertilizer. Dissolve and absorb. In order to promote the robust growth of the plants and improve the yield of flower bulbs, double-effect micro-fertilizers, spray-applied treasures, and plant dynamics 2003 can be used to spray them once at the seedling stage, vigorous growth stage, and budding stage. 2. Science irrigation broccoli should be nursed after transplanting, conditional coverage of shade to improve the survival rate. Appropriate control of water after survival, is advantageous for deep rooting. In the middle and late stages of growth, the amount of water is large, and in summer, the water evaporates quickly. In case of drought, the water should be watered every evening, or once every 3 days or so, to keep the soil moist. The surface should be covered with rice straw or weeds to reduce water evaporation. . At the same time, typhoon torrential rain is frequent from July to September, and it is necessary to clear the gutters in a timely manner to meet the requirement of no water accumulation in the ditch. 3. The cultivating field broccoli should be cultivated by cultivating soil 1 to 2 times before closing the line. After the line is closed, cultivators are no longer cultivated, but weeds have to be removed by hand. After the typhoon storm rains, loosen the soil in time to prevent soil compaction, increase soil permeability, and promote root growth. Loose soil should be dominated by shallow oysters. Be careful not to damage the root system. Six, timely control of pests and diseases 1. Bleeding and blight is the main disease during seedling stage, damping-off disease can be used 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn 500 times or 64% anti-virus 500 times liquid spray control. Bacterial disease can be used 20% chlorhexidine EC 1200 times or 15% Chlortetracycline 450 times, or 70% dexamethasone 1000 times, when the initial seedlings spray control. 2. The three diseases of bacterial soft rot, black rot, and black spot are bacterial diseases, and they are also the main diseases in the off-season cultivation. The flower buds begin to differentiate into susceptible period. In the early stage of disease, 75% of streptomycin for agricultural use is used for 1000 times, or 70% of them can be sprayed to prevent 800 times of spraying. When the disease is severe, they are used alternately every 5 to 7 days. Spray once, continuous medication 2 or 3 times, the disease can be effectively controlled. 3. Pest control mainly includes aphids, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, beet armyworm and so on. The biological pesticide Bt500-800 can be used. (When the population density is high, a small amount of pyrethroid pesticides can be added, but it cannot be mixed with fungicides) Or use 40% of Loxen 1000 times, 2.5% of 2000 times kungfu Chrysanthemum Emulsion 2000 times, 21% killing fleas 3000 times and other drug spray control. Seven, timely harvest broccoli flower balls to 12 ~ 15cm, the buds have not been released, the whole flower bulbs remain tight and intact, when the harvest time is bright green. During the anti-season broccoli harvest, the temperature is relatively high, the harvesting period is short, and the quality of export products is strict. The harvest must be carried out in batches and in a timely manner. It is required to harvest before 9 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. 4 to 5 pieces were cut down and promptly sent to the acquisition point for processing and refrigeration. After harvesting, Daejeon applied 1500-2000kg of human waste every 667m2 to promote the growth of lateral buds (commonly known as "secondary flowers") at the base of buds, which can be harvested continuously for 2 to 3 times.

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