I. Variety selection
Summer and autumn exposed to the high temperature of the early stage of summer squash, aphids, whiteflies occur in a serious cause of viral disease, silver leaf disease, so the choice of species is critical. It is recommended to use the Shengrun Xiaqiu Wang of Henan Shengrun Seed Industry, Shengrun Heat Resistant King, Shengrun 806, Shengrun Green Grasshopper, and the Netherlands Ansa Company SQ210 and other varieties. These varieties have early maturity, heat resistance, virus resistance, and tolerance Powdery mildew ability, high temperature, melon color is not easy to turn white, green melon color, long melon, good merchandise, compact plant type, high yield, but at the same time still have to strengthen prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
Second, cultivate age-appropriate seedlings
The Qiulu field in Henan Province is usually nursed or broadcast live around August 15 (other areas are advanced or delayed according to the temperature). During the nursery, seedbeds should be shaded and protected from rain, and locusts and whiteflies should be prevented in advance to reduce the risk of viral diseases. Autumn zucchini is suitable for 10-12 days of seedling age. Seedlings can be colonized with 2-3 true leaves. When the seedling age is too large, it is easy to injure the root when it is colonized, which is not conducive to easing seedlings and can easily lead to the occurrence of viral diseases. Larger planting area can also use 1,2,1,2 methods of dry seed live, when the seed is to be laid flat to prevent unearthing, the distance between the grain and the grain is kept about 3 cm to prepare seedlings. Watering in time after sowing is enough to ensure emergence.
Three, soil fertigation
Before choosing the land for the non-melon crops, the site preparation shall be carried out about one week before planting. In order to obtain high yield of zucchini, 5,000 kg of farmyard manure with high quality and 30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium three-element compound fertilizer shall be used as base fertilizer per acre. Turn over the surface to make the surface soil and fertilizer fully mixed (ditch best), flat land after 80-100cm row spacing made of 40cm wide, 15cm high ridge, black cover film to prevent grass, reduce the temperature. Then water, this water must be poured with water. Before the planting, we should use fungicides, insecticides and foliar fertilizers to prevent seedling diseases and insect pests.
Conditional use of the greenhouse can be used to cultivate summer and autumn cockles, install silver shading net appropriate shade. Compared with no shading net installed, the indoor strong light is reduced by 30% to 40%, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced by 4 to 5°C, and insect pests such as mites, whitefly, and tobacco fly fleas are prevented and virus diseases are prevented. Windproof effect. The so-called proper shading refers to not using black shade nets to shade too much, but to use silver-gray shading nets that have a shading rate of about 40% and can avoid maggots and whitefly. The installation position of the sunshade net, the north-south extension of the large arch shed should be installed at the top of the shed to 4 to 5 meters wide east and west, the other things do not need to install both sides. The solar greenhouse extending east-west from the north to the south should start from the top window of the front slope and be installed to the north of the front window.
As for the front window, a 40-mesh insect net must be installed. The application time of sunshade net should be about 45 days before and after the “summer solstice†to “early autumnâ€, and no shading period should be too long. Some vegetable farmers do not install shade nets and take spraying or splashing mud on the outer surface of the greenhouse film, which can also significantly reduce the transmittance of the greenhouse film, prevent burning and cooling.
Fourth, colonization
When planting, be sure to choose sunny afternoon (see the weather forecast when planting, choose to have 2-3 sunny days after planting), select 2-3 solid leaves with thick stems, shorter internodes, shorter petioles, leaves Rich green and thick, compact plant type, robust seedlings with well-developed roots, plant spacing 50cm, mu planting 1200-1300 strains. The double row cultivation method adopts the triangle insertion method to make the two rows of plants stagger each other, improve the ventilation and light transmission ability, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. When planting, we must use soil to bury the thin film mouth around the seedlings so as to prevent the heat from escaping from the film. The seedlings will be roasted or even roasted.
V. Field Management
From the time of colonization to fruiting, control of water, control of fertilizers, promotion of roots, development of fleas, and prevention of cultivating chiefs are the main factors. About 1 week after planting, according to the actual growth, you can pour a gentle seedling water and apply about 10 kg of compound fertilizer per acre with water to promote the easing of seedlings and hair trees. This will lay a good foundation for multiple melons and large melons. This time, we must pour small water. We must not allow large water to avoid leggy, resulting in falling flowers and falling fruit. According to the situation of the seedlings, if it happens to be long enough to spray 50% of Chlorotharon 600 times to prevent leggy. After watering and fertilizing, timely cultivating loose soil should improve soil permeability. Summer and early autumn zucchini grows at high temperatures, and the temperature difference between day and night is small. If it is allowed to grow naturally, female flowers will open late and the melons will be thin. In order to promote flower bud differentiation, early melon and multi-node melons, the three-leaf can be used after sapling. A 200 ppm ethephon solution (4 kg of ethephon per ml of water) was sprayed in one heart in a timely manner.
In summer and autumn, the temperature is relatively high, and the small temperature difference between day and night is not conducive to insects transmitting pollination. At this time, it is necessary to assist in artificial pollination or spraying the fruit-setting spirit. Into the appropriate temperature in October, the natural sitting rate increased. Use the concentration of gerberine to set 1500 times of water, that is, 15 kg of clear water to add 10 ml of guarana (add red color to prevent repeated spraying), spray once every 7-10 days, third in zucchini Female flower before the opening of the leaf spray, sprayer with a small hole spray film, the pressure should be better than the atomization, the nozzle in the top half of the plant above the uniform movement, only spray the front of the leaf can not spray the bottom of the leaf, is strictly prohibited and close spray growth point Young melons. Can also be used brush, sponge ball, rubber head dipped liquid melon fetal promote melon. If it is found that the foliar sprayed cucurbit fruiting squash has not grown, the melon has grown, indicating that the amount of medication should be reduced to increase the dosage of the medicine to increase the number of days between spraying.
Plants should improve water and fertilizer management after entering the sapling stage: When 2/3 of the root squash are placed, they are poured with water, and 10 kg of urea is applied per mu. The saplings with weak pods can be watered ahead of time to ensure plant growth and fruit enlargement. Required nutrition. Afterwards, according to the growth condition of the plants and weather conditions, water once every 5-7 days. Every time you pour 2 times of water, you will chase the fertilizer once every time. Fertilizer topdressing 500 kg of urine or 10-15 kg of urea or 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
If the plant is weak and small, the first baby should be removed in time to avoid the phenomenon of falling squatting, which can promote the early guatemala morning market and can extend the result period to prevent premature aging and increase yield. When the plants grow up, they must often timely cut off the old leaves and leaves that have been senescent and yellowed to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. At the same time, timely removal of melons, malformed melons, and diseased melons prevent nutrient depletion and disease transmission.
This period due to high temperature and rain, pests and diseases are more serious, so we must do a good job prevention and control, when not sick, every 7-10 days to fight once to prevent virus disease, powdery mildew, fungal diseases and bacterial diseases of the drug; if the disease, Play once every 5-7 days. For fungal and bacterial diseases, it must be done before and after raining or watering to kill 3000 and agricultural streptomycin.
6. Harvesting
To harvest the squash in time to harvest the tender squash, it is necessary to harvest timely, especially the first melon, according to the market consumption habits as early as possible to avoid harvesting, so as to avoid the phenomenon of falling. The first melon can be harvested when it weighs about 0.25 kg. Afterwards, each melon should be harvested according to the market demand in order to prevent melons from growing too long and affecting the subsequent production.
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