Broccoli, also known as broccoli and broccoli, is native to the eastern Mediterranean coast and is a variant of cabbage. With tender and short flowering branches and buds as edible parts, it is rich in nutrition and excellent in flavor. In the United States, Japan and other countries, the planting area of ​​broccoli has exceeded broccoli. Our country is mainly planted in large areas in the south. With the increase of the demands of the urban and rural peoples on the diversification of vegetable varieties, the cultivated area of ​​broccoli in the northern region is also expanding year by year. The broccoli used in production is mostly a hybrid generation, which is made up of excellent self-incompatible lines. However, it is difficult to reproduce the parental plants. Now, combining the work experience of recent years, introduce the original propagation technique of broccoli. First, sowing seedlings and planting 1. Sowing according to the ripeness of broccoli, sooner or later, select the appropriate sowing date, this is the key to the success of broccoli seed dressing, sowing too early, will cause premature formation of flower balls before winter, vulnerable Freezing damage; sowing too late, due to the smaller plants through the vernalization, the emergence of early flowering or flowering and scab encounter high temperature and rain and can not normally flower and solid phenomenon, seriously affecting the seed yield and quality. In Qingdao, late-maturing varieties are generally sown in late December, and early-maturing varieties are sown around January 20. Yangshuo is generally used to raise seedlings, and seedbeds are treated with drugs to prevent soil-borne diseases. 2. After sowing the seedlings, cover them with a 0.08mm film and cover the grasshopper so that the temperature inside the bowl is maintained at 20-25°C. After the seedlings are discharged, the air is released and the temperature inside the bowl is maintained at 15-20°C. About 1 month after sowing, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings are separated and the spacing between the rows is 10cm10cm, still covered with a film, the temperature is kept at 23-25°C, and after the seedlings are soaked, the water is poured into the seedbeds once. through. Later, with the growth of the seedlings, timely release of air should be conducted to avoid excessive moisture in the seedbeds and later to remove the seedlings. Finally, remove the miscellaneous plants and prepare for colonization. 3. Before and after the planting in late March, the temperature rises and colonization can be performed. Planting soils that were not cruciferous and not easy to accumulate before the planting of field plots were planted with basal fertilisers and deep-rooted and leveled. Colonization line spacing 50cm40cm. According to the row spacing, each 667m2 was applied with 10kg of urea and 15kg of diammonium phosphate. After watering, the seedlings with the same size and the same size were placed in the ditch by the spacing of the plants, covering the soil, and then covering the film. After easing the seedlings, the fertilizer was topdressed once with watering seedlings. Second, pollination and harvest 1. Preparation In early May, seedlings basically grow into a ball, remove 1 hybrid line, cut the most of the flower buds with a blade to the top of the flower, the cut surface is inclined, to avoid water caused disease. Select 3-4 sticks of robust branch in the middle of the flower bulb, and as the plants grow, leave 4-5 secondary branches on each branch for pollination. Under normal circumstances, the use of mesh cover isolation, different species of distance of not less than 2m, the best around the broccoli, cabbage and other crops. 2. Pollination pollination method artificial pollination bud stage, the flower buds 2-4 days before flowering with rafters peeling, exposing the pistil, with tweezers clip different plants pollen pollen day smear on the stigma of the pistil to the naked eye can see Prevail. In order to ensure the purity of seeds, the pollination tools and hands should be cleaned with 75% alcohol each time before entering the net. 3. Fertilizer management Green cauliflower full bloom time is short, and flowering and strong and requires a lot of water and fertilizer, so should be in the majority of species when the green bud is not open, 667m2 NPK fertilizer 20-25kg, generally every 5-7 days Pour water once to keep the floor moist. Slow ripening of pods of broccoli flowers. At the end of the flowering period, foliar fertilizers such as boron fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed to increase seed plumpness. At the end of the flowering period, the field remained moist to prevent the emergence of more unfilled seeds. 4. Harvest the original species in batches, mature 1 batch, harvest 1 batch. Make the seed as mature as possible without falling off the seed pods. Close to the mesh bag in a ventilated place after 2 days of ripening, lay seeds after drying, and indicate the name. Third, pest control 1. Disease The main diseases of cauliflower black shank, black rot, downy mildew. Black shank disease is seedling stage disease. It can be seeded with 50% seed weight of 50% omeprazole WP. At the early stage of disease, 60% Duofu WP can be sprayed 600 times, once every 9 days, and control 1-2 times. . Black rot is a kind of bacterial disease. It can be controlled by using 72% of agricultural streptomycin 3000 times or potassium permanganate 3000-4000 times in the initial stage of disease. The control of downy mildew can be controlled with 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 70% ethidium manganese wettable powder 500 times, once every 5-7 days, and even prevent 2-3 times. 2. Pests The main breeding pests of green cauliflower include aphids, diamondback moth and cabbage caterpillars. Plutella xylostella can be controlled by avermectin agents. The other 2 insect pests can be controlled by conventional pesticides. Excerpt from: Beijing Agricultural Information Network
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